Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) was conceived of by the French engineer Jacques D’Arsonval in 1881. However, at the time of this writing, the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii is home to the only functioning experimental OTEC factory on the face of the earth. OTEC is a potential alternative energy source that needs to be funded and explored much more than it currently is.
The great hurdle to get over with OTEC implementation on a wide and practically useful level is price. It is difficult to get the costs down to a reasonable level because of the processes so far utilized to drive OTEC. Ocean thermal electricity would be very clean burning and not add pollutants into the air. However, as it currently would need to be installed with our current technologies, OTEC facilities would have the capacity for disrupting and perhaps damaging the local environment.
There are three kinds of OTEC.
“Closed Cycle OTEC” uses a low-boiling point substance such as, for example, propane to act as an intermediate fluid. The OTEC plant pumps the warm beach water into the reaction compartment and boils the intermediate fluid. This results in the intermediate fluid’s vapor pressing the turbine of the engine, which thus makes electricity. The mist is then cooled down by putting in cold sea water.
“Open Cycle OTEC” is not that different from closed cycling, with the exception that in the Open Cycle there is no intermediate fluid. The sea water by itself is the driver of the turbine engine in this OTEC structure. Warm sea water found on the surface of the coast is turned into a low-pressure mist under the constraint of a vacuum. The low-pressure vapor is launched in a focused area and it has the force to drive the turbine. To cool down the vapor and create desalinated water for human intake, the deeper ocean’s cold waters are added in to the vapor after it has generated sufficient electricity.
“Hybrid Cycle OTEC” is really just a concept for the time being. It seeks to express the way that we could make maximum usage of the thermal electric power of the ocean’s waters. There are even two sub-theories to the concept of Hybrid Cycling. The first involves using a closed off cycling to generate electricity. This electricity is in turn employed to create the vacuum atmosphere needed for open cycling. The second part is the integration of two open cyclings that twice the portion of desalinated potable water is produced with just one open cycle.
In addition to being used for producing electricity, a closed cycle OTEC facility can be utilized for treating chemicals. OTEC plants, both open cycling and close cycling variations, are also able to be utilized for pumping up cold deep marine water which can then be used for refrigeration and air conditioning. Furthermore, during the moderation time when the sea water is around the plant, the enclosed can be used for mariculture and aquaculture tasks just like fish farming. There is clearly quite a range of products and services that we could gain from this alternative energy source.
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